Punnet square problem and solution

A Punnett square is a diagrammatic tool used in genetics to predict the genotype and phenotype of offspring resulting from a specific cross or breeding experiment. It is named after Reginald C. Punnett, an early 20th-century geneticist who devised the method to visualize the possible combinations of alleles (different versions of a gene) passed from parents to their offspring. The Punnett square works by placing the alleles of one parent along the top and those of the other parent along the side. Each square within the grid represents a possible combination of alleles that could occur in the offspring. This tool is especially useful for simple genetic crosses involving one or two traits (monohybrid or dihybrid crosses, respectively) and can help illustrate concepts such as dominant and recessive alleles, homozygous and heterozygous genotypes, and Mendelian inheritance patterns. By filling in the squares, researchers, educators, and students can easily calculate the ratios or percentages of the offspring’s expected genotypes and phenotypes. This makes the Punnett square a fundamental exercise in genetics education and a basic predictive tool in breeding experiments and genetic counseling.