Diencephalon Anatomy (Thalamus, Epithalamus, Subthalamus, Metathalamus, Hypothalamus)

Content: Introduction: 0:00 Topography of Diencephalon: 00:55 Parts of the Diencephalon: 01:58 Thalamus: External: 04:48 Thalamus: Internal: 05:32 Metathalamus 13:55 Metathalamus Connections with Thalamus 15:56 Epithalamus 16:57 Subthalamus 17:57 Hypothalamus 18:25 Hypothalamic Nuclei 20:22 ---------------------------------------------- ☕Support me at: ----------------------------------------------- Topography of the Diencephalon: - Lies above the Mesencephalon - Lies around the 3rd ventricle Parts of the Diencephalon: - Thalamus - Epithalamus - Subthalamus - Metathalamus - Hypothalamus External Thalamus: - Anterior Tubercle (Tuberculum Anterius Thalami) - Pulvinar (Pulvinar Thalami) - Interthalamic Adhesion (Adhesio Interthalamica) Internal Thalamus: - Internal Medullary Lamina (Medial Medullary Lamina) - Anterior Nuclei ○ Emotional Episodic Memory ○ A part of the Limbic System (Hyppocampys, Thalamus, Amygdala, Fornic, Cingulate Gyrus, Mamillary Body) ○ Papez Circuit - Medial Nuclei (Medial Dorsal Nucleus) ○ Relate Sensory, motor, and olfactory with emotions - Lateral Nuclei ○ Lateral Dorsal § Lateral Dorsal § Lateral Posterior ○ Lateral Ventral § Ventral Anterior (Basal Ganglia) § Ventral Lateral (Basal Ganglia) § VentroPosterioLateral Nuclei (VPL) § Medial Lemniscus § Spinothalamic Tract § VentroPosterioedial Nuclei (VPM) § Trigeminal Lemniscus (Lemniscus Trigeminalis) § Gustation (Taste) ○ Pulvinar Metathalamus: - Medial Geniculate Body ○ Auditory Pathway: ○ Cochlear Nerve ○ Cochlear Nuclei ○ Lateral Lemniscus ○ Inferior Colliculi ○ Brachium of the Inferior Colliculi (Brachium Colliculi Inferior) ○ Medial Geniculate Body ○ Primary Auditory Cortex (Superior Temporal Gyrus) - Lateral Geniculate Body ○ Visual Pathway: ○ Receptors of Optic Nerve (CNII) ○ Optic Chiasm ○ Lateral Geniculate Body (Metathalamus) ○ Primary Visual Cortex ○ Brachium of the Superior Colliculi (Brachium Colliculi superior) ○ Inferior Colliculi Metathalamus connection with Thalamus: - Pulvinar, Lateral Posterior and Lateral Dorsal - Receives information from Superior Colliculus and Inferior Colliculus. As well as Medial Geniculate body and Lateral Geniculate Body Epithalamus: - Pineal Gland (Corpus Pineale) ○ Produces Melatonin - Habenular Trigone (Trigonum Habenulae) - Habenular Nuclei (Nuclei Habenulares) - Habenular Commissure (Commissura Habenularum) - Posterior Commissure (Commissura Posterior) Subthalamus - A part of the Basal Ganglion to help start a movement, stop movement, and coordinate movement Hypothalamus - Thalamus Opticus ○ Optic Chiasm (Chiasma Opticum) ○ Optic Tract (Tractus Opticus) - Mamillary Bodies (Corpus Mamillare) ○ Emotional Episodic Memory ○ Reflex with Olfaction - Hypothalamic Nuclei ○ Lateral Hypothalamic Area ○ Posterior Hypothalamic Area ○ Anterior Hypothalamic Area ○ Paraventricular Nucleus (Pain) ○ Preoptic Nucleus (Decreases HR, BP, etc) ○ Suprachiasmatic Nucleus (Circadian Rhythm) ○ Supraoptic Nucleis (Thirst) ○ Arcuate Nucleus (Regulate Hormone Release) ○ Ventromedial Nucleus (Satiety Feeling) ○ Mamillary Bodies ○ Dorsal Medial (Sleep regulation and food intake) - Tuber Cinerum - Infundibulum - Pituitary Gland (Posterior Pituitary) Sources used in this video: - Memorix Anatomy 2nd Edition by Hudák Radovan (Author), Kachlík David (Author), Volný Ondřej (Author) - Biorender - University notes and lectures