A. Kantee: Environmental Independence: BSD Kernel TCP/IP

AsiaBSDCon 2009 Paper Session. Abstract: Code is code. In the entire application stack only a very small fraction of code is special in the sense that it requires the hardware to run in priviledged mode. In theory all the rest can run in either the kernel or user domain, with the tradeoffs being well-known. Engineering an operating system core so that the same code can function both in user and kernel mode alike provides numerous benefits: testing and development, virtualization, stability and reusa