Prelude to Battle of Edgehill & end of a battle - The English Civil War
Cromwell (1970)
잉글랜드 내전(영어: English Civil War, 1642년 ~ 1651년)은 잉글랜드 왕국의 왕당파와 의회파 간에 있었던 내전이다. 1642년에서 1646년까지 있었던 첫 번째 내전과 1648년에서 1649년까지 있었던 두 번째 내전은 찰스 1세의 지지자들과 의회파 간의 내전이었고, 1649년에서 1651년까지 있었던 세 번째 내전은 찰스 2세의 왕당파와 의회파 간의 내전이었다. 1651년 9월 3일에 우스터 전투로 내전은 의회파의 승리로 끝났다.
내전의 결과 찰스 1세는 처형되었고 찰스 2세는 추방되었으며, 의회파는 잉글랜드 연방(1649년 ~ 1653년)을 구성하여 1653년에 올리버 크롬웰을 호국경으로 선출하였다. 잉글랜드 내전은 영국 정치에서 의회가 군주에 대항하는 첫 번째 사례가 되었고, 이후 1688년에 일어난 명예 혁명에 영향을 주었다.
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The English Civil War (1642–1651) was a series of armed conflicts and political machinations between Parliamentarians (“Roundheads“) and Royalists (“Cavaliers“) over, principally, the manner of England’s government. The first (1642–1646) and second (1648–1649) wars pitted the supporters of King Charles I against the supporters of the Long Parliament, while the third (1649–1651) saw fighting between supporters of King Charles II and supporters of the Rump Parliament. The war ended with the Parliamentarian victory at the Battle of Worcester on 3 September 1651.
The overall outcome of the war was threefold: the trial and execution of Charles I (1649); the exile of his son, Charles II (1651); and the replacement of English monarchy with, at first, the Commonwealth of England (1649–1653) and then the Protectorate under the personal rule of Oliver Cromwell (1653–1658) and subsequently his son Richard (1658–1659). The monopoly of the Church of England on Christian worship in England ended with the victors consolidating the established Protestant Ascendancy in Ireland. Constitutionally, the wars established the precedent that an English monarch cannot govern without Parliament’s consent, although the idea of Parliament as the ruling power of England was only legally established as part of the Glorious Revolution in 1688.
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