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The questions regarding variations in social development, economic progress, and political empowerment have produced a voluminous literature over the past century, and because of the complexity of these issues, much important reflection will continue well into the future. In the early 1980s, a United Nations Commission coined the term sustainable development as a public statement regarding the deteriorating socio-economic, political, and environmental conditions. Since then, the use and abuse of the term has rendered it dubious and almost irrelevant. This paper proposes Comprehensive Sustainable Development (CSD) as a substitute in the hope that re-conceptualization of the term would incorporate critiques of various manifestations of capitals hegemony its control over science and technology, particularly in the contemporary period, by way of restricting homegrown, national technological development. It is argued that in the pursuit of its interests contemporary global capitalism, as a continuation of the 19th and the 20th century colonialism/imperialism, is resorting to the policy of imperialism through the implementation of dependent industrialization (imported technology) rather than CSD... Diversification of energy sources would allow to ultimately reduce dependency and the elimination of dependency is one of the requirements of CSD. Even if the global south receives a small percentage of their energy needs from new and renewable sources, it could encourage the rise of home-grown companies operating alongside the public sector. Since antiquity Iran has regarded itself and has been considered by others as a civilized nation/empire. The national culture has long considered that it had a duty to transcend the interests of isolated private individuals in favor of the collective public interest. Today Iran wishes to develop as a model culture of collective empowerment having the goal of national (and indeed universal) human liberation from the yoke of hegemonic powers. Iran possesses great possibilities in its people and its cultural/historical as well as its physical landscapes to narrow the gap between the potential and the actual development. Domestically in particular, it must transcend any narrow economic development which aims at private wealth generation for any comprador elite through collaboration with the leaders of capitalist globalization. Its national policy must reject the requirement as do most economies forced by globalizing agents to enhance privatization, for the labor force to make sacrifices without requiring the rich to do proportionately more. It must strive instead to create an environment in which the traditional Iranian civic ethos is reinvigorated. Its regional imperative is cooperation; it is essential that a regional integration plan devotes a large portion of its attention to meeting the rising demand for energy resources which are easily transportable, efficient, equitable, and environmentally sound. It is within this context that mutual security in all respects is assured. Indeed as CSD requires, a regional alliance must be the basis and the context, since sustainability is not merely a national issue and cannot be implemented independent of its immediate surroundings. It is to be nourished through its ability to transcend individualistic approaches. The global imperatives are the sharing of technology with the rest of the Global South, but also extending the life of the current proven oil reserves no matter what the size of potential reserves may be. A diversification of energy sources must be at the top of the agenda. Diversification reduces vulnerability, dependency, and deprivation. It is through diversity of energy sources that a nation such as Iran can sustain other production processes utilizing various sources of energy. Comprehensive sustainable development can make a great contribution to human liberation and development only if it begins and ends with social justice as a guiding principle. On the political front, CSD would incorporate radical democracy as a force directing the process. Only through a social justice orientation can environmental degradation be reversed, basic necessities be provided for, and a culture of collective well-being be reinforced. It is in this context that racism, economic exploitation, environmental degradation, and dependent development/industrialization the building blocks of hegemony are removed. It is through CSD and its regard for the environment that the monopolization of technological knowledge can be broken and the right to technological invention and innovation is re-claimed. But what are the components of a strategy that can retrieve these rights to a CSD-oriented technology?
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