Creating Vortex Star Trails in Photoshop

Vortex star trails are the most complex trails to capture. It also requires a special motorized system to drive the zoom ring of a lens smoothly without shaking the camera while the shutter is open. The slow and gradual zoom in or out during the exposure period helps create the tunnel or vortex effect in star trails. The technique shown in this video eliminates the need to buy such apparatus which is helpful for those who are hobbyists and tight on budget. Using only a single shot of the stars, you can no